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倒裝句講解
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倒裝句講解

  倒裝句在中文中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),是一種典型的不按套路來的句子,掌握起來并不容易,可是倒裝句能夠讓你的英語表達變得更加地道,所以這次小編就為大家?guī)黻P(guān)于倒裝句的知識點講解。

  倒裝句知識點

  倒裝句主要作用是強調(diào)被提前的部分,它是將正常的陳述語序加以變化。

  倒裝句可分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝兩種:

  一、部分倒裝

  只將助動詞(包括情態(tài)動詞)移至主語之前,謂語動詞位置不變,叫做部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)。

  如:Only once was John late to class.

  Neither could he see through your plan.

  So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.

  Doesnt her invitation appeal to you?

  二、全部倒裝

  將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,謂語動詞提前至主語之前,叫做完全倒裝(Complete Inversion)。

  如:In came a man with a white beard

  Out came his guest

  On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.

  There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.

  倒裝句的定義

  一、定義

  主語在謂語之后則稱為倒裝語序(Inverted Order),為了強調(diào)、突出等語的目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句。在倒裝句中,顛倒了的成分能夠恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變,句法成分不變。

  二、類型

  1、全部倒裝

  謂語動詞提前至主語之前為全部倒裝。

  e.g.There was a drop in the temperature.

  2、部分倒裝

  助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提至主語之前,謂語動詞位置不變,即為部分倒裝。

  e.g. Must you arrive here at 10 am.

  3、否定詞提前倒裝,否定詞用于句首時,句子應(yīng)進行部分倒裝。

  否定詞常用的有:

  Not only…(but also),Not until(直到……才),No sooner…(than)(一……就),Never RarelySeldom,HardlyScarcely,F(xiàn)ewLittle,NeitherNor (也不),At no time,Under no circumstances(決不),On no account (決不),In no way,其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分別和but (also), than, when搭配使用。

  e.g. No sooner had I arrived school than it began to rain.

  4、副詞提前倒裝

  副詞提至句首引起倒裝,可分以下幾種情景:

  only + 副詞(when, before, if, after等)或only+介詞狀語(由in, under, by, on, after等引導(dǎo))提前,必須部分倒裝。

  e.g. Only in this way can you solve the problem

  often, such, so等副詞提前,部分倒裝。注意,so的另一種倒裝是表示“也…”

  e.g. California relies heavily on ine from crops, and so does Florida

  neither,nor的倒裝

  e.g. He cant dance, neithernor can I

  in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副詞提前,全部倒裝。

  倒裝句的意義

  (一)倒裝句的意義

  1、適應(yīng)必須的語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要,主要是指疑問句句型結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。

  e.g. May I e in?

  Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927?

  2、為了強調(diào)某一部分,而把這部分放到句首,構(gòu)成倒裝。

  e.g. Never have I been late for school this term。

  So early did he e to school that no other students came

  (二)倒裝的使用情景

  1、在 “there be” 結(jié)構(gòu)里,there是引導(dǎo)詞,主語在be后。

  e.g. There is a box on the table

  2、在疑問句中。

  e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?

  What does your mother do?

  3、在here, there等副詞開頭的某些句子里(要用一般此刻時態(tài))。如果主語是人稱代詞,主語和主要動詞的詞序不變。(完全倒裝)

  e.g. There goes the bell

  Here is an apple for you

  There she es

  4、重復(fù)倒裝句型,用在以so, nor, neither開頭,表示謂語所述的情景也適用于另一個人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句,表示“也一樣”、“也這樣”;nor, neither用于否定句,表示“同樣也不,也不這樣”。

  e.g. I am watching TV. So is she

  My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.

  5、直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時,主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。(完全倒裝)

  e.g. “Very well,” said the French student.

  “Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.

  6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副詞開頭的句子中,采用部分倒裝。如不放在句首就不要倒裝。

  e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.

  Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.

  比較:I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.

  7、用于以only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子中。倒裝句講解

  e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk。

  Only in this way can we learn English well.

  注意:如果only后的詞組不是狀語,不需倒裝。

  e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.

  8、為了表達生動,有時把表地點、方位的副詞,如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首,同時把謂語動詞放在主語之前。若主語為人稱代詞,主語和謂語動詞的位置不變,只將副詞放在句首。(完全倒裝)

  e.g. Away hurried the boy.

  Out rushed the girl.

  9、as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時要倒裝(形容詞 副詞 名詞 動詞 + as + 主語 + 謂語)。

  e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.

  Child as he is, he seems to know everything.(child前不加冠詞)

  Hard as he worded, he made little progress.

  10、在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中,條件從句的謂語包含were, had 和should這三個詞是,可省去if,將這些詞移至主語之前。

  e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.

  Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.

  Should he e (=If he should e), tell him to ring me up.

  11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。

  e.g. May you succeed!

  Long live the Peoples Republic of China!

  12、So + 形容詞、副詞及such 置于句首時要倒裝。

  So happy did he feel.Such was me.

  學(xué)習(xí)倒裝句的方法提煉

  掌握倒裝句的關(guān)鍵在于記住哪些部分需要提前,分清倒裝類別。熟記倒裝特征與類型。做題方法:一看強調(diào)部分,二看主語單復(fù)數(shù),三看謂語時態(tài)、語態(tài)來定助動詞。

  第一類:總結(jié)全部倒裝的條件

  1、句首:表示方位,方向地點或時光的副詞或副詞短語置于句首且主語是名詞的全部倒裝

  如:Here es a bus .Here it es(主語是代詞的不倒裝)。

  Here,there,then,up,down,away,off,in the room,on the wall 等置于句首。

  2、謂語:表示靜態(tài)存在或動態(tài)趨勢的動詞如:位于(lie)沖(rush)來(e)走(go)跑(run)升(rise)站立(stand)住(live)坐(sit)掛(hang)

  總結(jié)公式There (on the wall,in the south of …)+謂語+主語

  第二類:總結(jié)部分倒裝(半倒裝)的條件。

  1、具有否定半否定意義的副詞或介詞短語放在句首。

  Never , nor ,not ,hardly(幾乎不),little ,seldom ,scarcely(幾乎不),rarely(少有地),at no time(任何時候決不)inunder no circumstances ,in no case(任何情景下決不)by no means(任何方式?jīng)Q不)on no condition(任何條件決不)等放句首時。

  以及句式:No sooner had sb done sth than sb did sth.(一……就……)

  Hardlyscarcely had sb done when sb did sth. (一……就……)

  2、so或neither或nor表示“也也不”

  句式SoNeitherNor+一般疑問句

  如—You are a student

  —So am I.

  —You aren’t a teacher.

  —NeitherNor is he.

  3、sosuch… that…表示如此… 以至于…

  句式:sosuch…+一般疑問句+that…

  如:He is such a good student that all his classmates admire him

  ——Such a good student is he that all his classmates admire him

  The weather is so fine that all of us want to go outing

  ——So fine is the weather that all of us want to go outing

  4、以hadwereshould開頭省略if的虛擬條件句

  句式hadshould +主+謂

  Were+主+其他

  如If I were you(were I you),I should study hand

  If he had studied hard (Had he studied hard), he could have made great progress last term

  If it should rain (should it rain), I would stay at home

  5、only+狀語(介詞短語。副詞和狀語從句)放句首,主句需要部分倒裝

  句式:only+狀語+一般疑問句

  注意:only修飾主語句子不倒裝

  Only after the war did he learn the sad news

  Only when he returned did we find out the truth

  Only he can answer the question

  完全倒裝句簡析

  完全倒裝(Full Inversion),又稱“全部倒裝”,是指將句子中的謂語全部置于主語之前,此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般此刻時和一般過去時。

  1、將表語和地點狀語(多為介詞短語)置于句首加以強調(diào)時,其后通常用倒裝語序

  e.g. Around the lake are some apple trees.

  湖的四周有些蘋果樹。

  * 在表語置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中,要注意其中的謂語應(yīng)與其后的主語堅持一致,而不是與位于句首的表語堅持一致。

  2、以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等方向性副詞開頭的句子,且句子主語是名詞時,句子用完全倒裝,當(dāng)主語為代詞,則不用倒裝。

  e.g. Here es the postman

  郵遞員來了。

  3、There be +主語 + 地點或時光狀語

  e.g. There are some birds singing in the tree

  一些鳥兒在樹上唱歌。

  There was a girl stood on the table

  有一個女孩站在桌上。

  部分倒裝句簡析

  一、否定詞提前

  常見的否定詞有Not only…but also,HardlyScarcely…when,No sooner… than等等。

  e.g.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her

  No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her

  Not only you but also I am fond of music

  二、so,neither,nor作部分倒裝

  e.g.Tom can speak French. So can Jack

  She wont go to that university, neither will I

  三、only在句首

  e.g. Only in this way can you answer the question

  四、由as, though 引導(dǎo)

  e.g. Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily

  五、here,there引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句中,當(dāng)主語是代詞時,就要用部分倒裝句。

  e.g. Here we are.

  好了以上就是需要使用部分倒裝句的五種情景,大家都掌握了嗎?倒裝句雖然難,但一旦學(xué)好了,你的英語表達就會更加地道,在口語考試中是加分點哦!期望大家能靜下心了,參考例句一點點的理解語法點,逐步深入,相信最終必須會有所收獲的。

  英語倒裝句的修辭功能

  一、 表示強調(diào):

  倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強調(diào),其表現(xiàn)形式如下:

  1、only +狀語或狀語從句置于句首,句子用部分倒裝。

  e.g.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 僅有用這種方法,你才能夠解決這個問題。

  e.g.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.僅有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說出那個字后才意識到自我犯了個大錯誤。

  2、not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,句子用部分倒裝。

  e.g. No sooner had I got home than it be.g.an to rain. 我剛到家就下起了雨。

  e.g. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班。

  3、so such……that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首能夠構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,表示強調(diào)so such和that之間的部分。

  e.g.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要價太離譜,令每個人都瞠目結(jié)舌。

  e.g.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排進行得那么長,以致于那兩個演員都走出去了。

  以上各例子都用倒裝語序突出了句首成分,其語氣較自然語序強烈,因而具有極佳的修辭效果。

  二、 承上啟下

  有時倒裝可把前一句說到的人或物,或與前一句有聯(lián)系的人或物在下一句緊之后先說出來,從而使前后兩句在意思上的關(guān)系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承上啟下的作用。

  e.g.They broke into her uncles bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake.

  他們破門進入她叔叔的臥室,發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地板上死了。一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上。

  e.g. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.

  我們確實不應(yīng)因為被稱作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋,并且還會繼續(xù)是窮光蛋。

  三、 制造懸念,渲染氣氛

  在新聞或文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中,有時為了資料的需要,或是為了強調(diào),作者常常運用倒裝來制造懸念,渲染氣氛。如:

  Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墻上掛著一幅精美的圖畫。

  再如朗費羅(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一節(jié):

  Out of the bosom of the Air,

  Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,

  Over the woodlands brown and bare,

  Over the harvest-fields forsaken,

  Silent, and soft, and slow,

  Descends the snow.

  倒裝句之全部倒裝

  全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般此刻時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:

  1)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首,謂語動詞常用be,e,go,lie,run.

  There goes the bell.

  Then came the chairman.

  Here is your letter.

  2)表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首,謂語表示運動的動詞。

  Out rushed a missile from under the bomber

  Ahead sat an old woman

  注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如:Here he es. Away they went

  倒裝句之部分倒裝

  部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞do,does或did,并將其置于主語之前。

  1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until… 等。

  Never have I seen such a performance

  Nowhere will you find the answer to this question

  Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room

  當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。

  注意:如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。

  I have never seen such a performance

  The mother didn‘t leave the room until the child fell asleep

  倒裝句使用情景

  在出現(xiàn)以下情景時,需要使用部分倒裝:

  情景一:only修飾的狀語(副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)位于句首;

  如:Only after three operations was he able to walk

  做過三次手術(shù)之后,他才能行走。

  值得注意的是,當(dāng)only修飾主語時,則不倒裝。

  如:Only that girl knew how to work out the problem

  僅有那位女生明白怎樣解那道題。

  情景二:包含否定意義的副詞(never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等)位于句首;

  如:Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man

  我一生很少見過這么勇敢的人。

  Little did he realize the danger he faced

  他幾乎沒有認(rèn)識到他面臨的危險。

  情景三:soneithernor開頭的句子,說明前面的資料也適用于后者時,用倒裝句“soneithernor+behave助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”。

  如:John cant speak Japanese, nor can Helen

  約翰不會講日語,海倫也不會。

  情景四:not only……(but also)……位于句首引導(dǎo)兩個分句時,前一個分句中的主謂要采用部分倒裝,第二個分句則不倒裝。

  如:Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels

  他不但在學(xué)校教書,并且還寫小說。

  部分倒裝(Partial Inversion),又稱半倒裝句,指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動詞不發(fā)生變化。在許多特定的句型中經(jīng)常需要使用部分倒裝,所以部分倒裝的適用情景要多于完全倒裝,需要著重記憶。

  中考英語倒裝句剖析

  1. 當(dāng)句首為副詞here ,there 且主語為名詞時,應(yīng)用完全倒裝。

  Here comes the bus.

  There goes the bell.

  2. only 修飾時間、地點、方式等狀語時,應(yīng)用部分倒裝。

  Only in this way can we solve the problem.

  Only when you told me did I know her name.

  注意:如果 only 修飾的不是狀語,則句子不倒裝。

  Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.

  3. 表示對前者的陳述也適用后者時,肯定倒裝用 so + 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + 后者,前句事否定,而后面的人也不怎么樣時用 neither / nor + 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + sb。

  He can speak English,so can I.

  If she doesnt go there tomorrow,neither / nor will I.

  注意

  1) so + 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 表示前者的主語和后者的主語的情況一樣,所談到的是兩個人,意為也是這樣

  2) so + 主語 + 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞表示前者和后者所指同一人時,說話者表示同意前者的觀點,意為的確如此。

  - Li Lei likes sports.

  - So he does and so do I.

  4. 由 not only but also 引起的并列句,若將 not only 置于句首時,該分句應(yīng)部分倒裝, but also 引導(dǎo)的分句不倒裝。

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